Tata Engineering & Locomotive Company Essays - Jamshedpur

Tata Engineering & Locomotive Company THE COMPANY The Tata Engineering & Locomotive Company (commonly known as Telco), is India's largest private sector company in terms of revenues and market capitalisation. It is also one of the 6 largest manufacturers of commercial vehicles in the world. Telco is a part of Tata Enterprises, which is the largest industrial group in India, employing assets of Rs.267 million (US$7.6 billion) in a wide range of businesses including Automobiles, Steel, Information Technology, Telecommunications, Energy, Chemicals, Hotels and Tea Telco was incorporated in 1945, to manufacture steam locomotives. Today it has a domestic market share of 68% in the MCV/HCV segment, 64% in the LCV segment and 32% in the multi-utility segment. Telco has been exporting its products since 1969 and currently exports about a tenth of its output. Export markets include the Middle East, Africa and Southeast Asia, as well as developed countries in Europe like France, UK and Spain. It is intended that exports should account for 20% of the automobiles sold by the Company. The analysis of the macroeconomic environment can be done by PEST model: P-Political A rigid and closed system has always been the main hurdle for growth of industry in India, which is virtually plagued by legislation and legal procedures. The complex bureaucratic style of working in this otherwise democratic country has always been a handicap for automobile industry. The stringent laws especially regarding foreign investments had deprived India from global technology and services. The early nineties liberalisation saw some major policy changes of the government- Depreciation of the rupee and promoting foreign trade. Exim scrips to be replaced by partial and later full convertibility of the rupee on trade account. Liberalisation of trade policies. Opening up of a number of areas to the private sector. Deregulating the banks' and financial institutions' lending rates. Reduction of statutory liquidity ratios. Freeing of the capital market from government control. Abolition of the office of the Controller of Capital Issues. Implementation of the National Renewal Fund. Slashing of fiscal duties on a number of items meant for industrial production. The international exposure led to a general increase in the awareness level of the masses. The demand for quality and environmentally friendly automobiles led to strict legislation. Certain states of the union passed legislation against polluting vehicles and banned the trade of inferior quality vehicles. The new legal and political order is directly effecting TELCO. The positive effects are: Direct foreign investment has led to new and valuable business partners. Cost of importing technology is less. New era of exports has dawned. Growth in the market and international exposure. The negative affects are: The foreign carmakers are entering the huge Indian market thus making it very competitive for TELCO. The expertise of TELCO in diesel engines is facing threats from the new- found environmental awareness and new legislation. The cost effective TELCO is facing a new threat in form of new found quality measures. Spearheading the ?swadeshi' aspect of the Indian automobile industry TELCO is trying to restrict the slaughter of the Indian industry in the hands of the foreign giants. It is through societies and pressure groups like Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers that TELCO is raising a voice against anti ?swadeshi' legislation. E-Economic Despite some bouts of recession in the recent past, the macro fundamentals of the Indian economy are sound. Gross Domestic Product growth has averaged more than 7% for the last three years. The rate of inflation has remained low. The nation's foreign exchange reserves are brimming with nearly US$ 30 billion. Even in the face of such crises like the currency depreciation in Southeast Asian countries and the stock market crashes in various countries, the Indian economy has stood firm. Industry observers believe that largely cyclical factors and industrial have driven the general slowdown growth will pick up again. In the first six months of the 1997-98, the corporate sector registered a 11% growth in net profit. Advance corporate tax payments jumped by16%, indicating a better profit performance by companies. In the dynamics of transition of the Indian economy, the automobile industry is emerging as a leading industry. The large volumes of investment including foreign direct investment in the automobile manufacturing ventures and technical collaboration are propelling a quantum jump in

Shah Flavor SWOT Essay Essay Example

Shah Flavor SWOT Essay Essay Example Shah Flavor SWOT Essay Essay Shah Flavor SWOT Essay Essay ES Fusion Enterprise ( ES Fusion ) is one of the companies that monitor by Small and Medium Enterprise ( SME ) . The name of their merchandise is a Shah Flavor Char Kuey Teow. This company located at Plot 8. Jalan Ep5. Melaka Halal Hub Serkam. 77300 Serkam Jasin. Melaka. The proprietor of this company is Mr. Mohamed Shaharini Bin Abdul Ghani. In Shah Flavor Char Kuey Teow production. Mr. Shaharini use the good quality of oyster sauce and fish sauce. Beside that. ES Fusion besides gets the enfranchisement from Jabatan Islam Malaysia ( JAKIM ) for their chief merchandise based on nutrient industries is Char Kuey Teow. ES Fusion was established on 15 January 2010 by publishing nutrient merchandise legitimate under the trade name Syah Flavor that more focal point on Sos Char Kuey Teow. The capital for get downing a concern Mr. Shaharini merely uses the household capital and besides utilizing his ain money to get down their concern. the capital every bit much as RM8. 000 to purchase the natural stuff and besides equipment to do the Char Kuey Teow sauce. In the beginning. Mr. Shaharini was working as a chef in a five star Hotel in Kuala Lumpur and that is the ground why her involvement in cooking country. finally Mr. Shaharini start her Char Kuey Teow sauce concern based on the construct of familial household formulas. For the start concern. ES Fusion uses a traditional manner or manual to cook the Char Kuey Teow sauces. The traditional manner Mr. Shaharini must engage several people to bring forth the sauce and the quality of the sauce is more low because they can non do are more sauce so will give impact on demand from clients. Besides that. they must work early in the forenoon to get down their work in treating the Char Kuey Teow Sauce. In this clip. Mr. Shaharini embark their concern with merely sell on a little graduated table of their Char Kuey Teow Sauce in the market and its more to demand or order by the client than they will bring forth the sauce. After several old ages dabbling work as a chef in the hotel and larn more about the formula of sauce. Mr. Shaharini experience confident and afford to widen this sauce into the large market. So. he applies capital grant from SME Corp to purchase machine that can better their production of doing the sauce. Mr. Shaharini acquire loans as much RM20. 000 from SME Bank for their first application. With this aid. En. Shaharini had purchased bomber machine. filter machine and other equipment to do the sauce. By utilizing this machine it can assist Mr. Shaharini to do certain their operation becomes easier. In the startup concern. En. Shaharini start began by selling Char Kuey Teow at the dark market and the turning demand. Mr. Shaharini has expanded its concern by utilizing the trade name name of the Shah Flavor sauce. En. Shaharini besides have been a good relationship with authorities sector Perladang and Pertanian where En. Shaharini so commission members under this authorities. In add-on. acquire aid from SME Corp. ES Fusion besides received acknowledgment from the Kementerian Pertanian dan Industri Asas Tani ( MOA ) . Under the MOA. they have got the extra aid in term of fiscal facets which aims to acquire as many stuffs and better their mills. In add-on. they besides get and work under Halal Hub Malaysia. In halal Hub Malaysia. location of company ES Fusion has been Plot 8. Jalan Ep5. Melaka Halal Hub Serkam. 77300 Serkam Jasin. Melaka. This site is the new subdivision for Shah Flavor nutrient industries. 2. 0 Product Specification 3. 0 SWOT analysis ( Internal and External analysis )SWOT analysis is a tool that identifies the strengths. failings. chances and menaces of an organisation. SWOT is a basic. straightforward theoretical account that assesses what an organisation can and can non makeevery bit good as its possible chances and menaces. The method of SWOT analysis is to take the information from an environmental analysis and divide it into internal namely strength and failings and external issues viz. chances and menaces. Strength Focused on one merchandise merelyThe chief merchandise of ES FUSION is char kuey Teow sauce. The char kuey Teow sauces by ES FUSION are divided into three size viz. sauce in 5 litre. 750 milliliter. and the smaller are 360ml. The formula of the sauce comes from their uncle. ES FUSION do it as their secret formulas for their company. ES FUSION merely focuses on produce the char kuey Teow sauce. so their proprietor can do certain the quality of the sauce is good and can carry through the demand of clients. 10 old ages experience as head The another strengths of ES FUSION is their proprietor have 10 old ages experience as chef. Before get downing their concern Mr. Shah works at the hotel as a chef. It is because. before he analyze in culinary at a private college. Based on their experience in the nutrient industries ES FUSION wants to start- up their ain concern because they have expertise in this field. Good relationship with provider Good relationship with provider besides one of their strengths. It is because if the company have the good relationship with their provider it can be easier for them to acquire the natural stuff from them. Besides. when ES FUSION had the best relationship with a provider they can acquire the best monetary value from providers. The chief provider that ever provides natural stuff is one jobber that located at Kampung Jawa. Malacca. ES FUSION in joint coaction with strategic spouse ES FUSION besides in joint coaction with strategic spouse viz. PELADANG and PERTANIAN. In joint coaction it is can be the one advantage to ES FUSION because PELADANG and PERTANIAN is one of the authorities sector. The proprietor of ES FUSION viz. Mr. Shah has a good relationship with PELADANG and PERTANIAN. It is because. Mr. Shah is one of the members in PELADANG. So from that. he can acquire many benefits like to acquire more support. audienceand many more from them. HALAL enfranchisement ES FUSION is wholly a 100 per centum owned by Bumiputera. Besides that. the company besides gets the enfranchisement of hallmark halal from the Islamic spiritual section of Melaka. Malaysia. WEAKNESSES Poor in finance and directionOne of the failings of ES FUSION is hapless in finance and direction. ES FUSION merely owned by one proprietor viz. Mohd Shaharini bin Abdul Ghani and merely work by itself without employee to assist him. For their finance they don’t have any proper history. FUSION merely writes their history on the log book and on their white board to remind her about the debt. income and result. Boxing non involvement Boxing besides can be failings in their company because the packaging is non interested and so can non pull purpose of clients. Packaging and labeling of ES FUSION sauce is really crowded with their ain image. formulas and many more. Besides. the label of the sauce is really little and it can do client hard to place their beginning. Less systematic layout of mill ES FUSION besides has a job with the layout of the mill. The layout of the mill is less systematic. It is because. their proprietor merely puts all of things like their sauce. natural stuffs. assets and others in one topographic point. An illustration. ES FUSION doesn’t separate their sauces that already desire to sell with the natural stuff that want to do the sauce. so the topographic points seem like messy and non systematic. Lack of work force The one of the large failings of ES FUSION is deficiency of work force. It is because they non engage any employee to work with her. All of the work in the company/ mill merely making by their proprietor itself. From acquire the natural stuff into going end product they merely do it and for the selling and bringing besides do by the proprietor itself. OPPORTUNITIES Help organize authorities sector ( PELADANG and PERTANIAN )One of the chances that ES FUSION gets if from the authorities sector viz. PELADANG and PERTANIAN. When ES FUSION gets the aid organize authorities sector it is can be easier to ES FUSION to make betterment to their company. Market broad in Malaya As we all know the market for nutrient in Malaysia is large. So. the one chances for ES FUCION is their char kuey Teow sauce is easy to utilize and it is suited to housewife that non hold adequate clip to pass their clip in the kitchen. Besides that it besides suited for clients that like char kuey Teow and hard to acquire it. with the sauce they can merely cook at place with easiness. Menace New merchandiseAs we all know ES FUSION is still new in market of char kuey Teow sauce. Because it is the new merchandise and new in the market the credence of the merchandise is still less because of less of publicity and others. High transit costOne of menace that ES FUSION faced is the high transit cost. It is because. ES FUSION delivers their stock of the sauce itself. If any company or individual that want their merchandises ES FUSION will present to them. So. it is must utilize the many cost of transit like TOL. fuel and many more. It is can be proved by lifting of oil monetary values were started on 3 September 2013. the monetary value will be increase 20cent per missive. This state of affairs besides can give the consequence to the company itself. The uncertain of natural stuff monetary values As we all know the monetary value of natural stuff is uncertainness. So. it is can go the menace to ES FUSION. The natural stuff that ES FUSION ever uses to bring forth their merchandise is oyster sauce. fish sauce and many more. Rivals The chief menace that all companies faced is about the rival. The chief rival to an ES FUSION company is Jai Char Kuey Teow and 2 Puteri. The both of the company besides produce the same merchandise like ES FUSION but in the different manner. Jai Char Kuey Teow is one merchandise that manufactured by Huzmy Entreprise. Jai Char kuey Teow merely produces 5 litter sauce. 2Puteri is one trade name under RM Ninetysixbillion Entreprise Company. 2Puteri non concentrate on char kuey Teow sauce but merely produce Chili Boh. 2puteri Char kuey Teow sauce merely produces the sauce in 350g. 4. 0 RivalFor ES Fusion Enterprise ( ES Fusion ) companies they are the exclusive maker of Char Kuey Teow in Malacca. Therefore. they do non hold rivals in Malacca where they have rivals outside its The Jai Char Kuey Teow and 2 Puteri Char Kuey Teow. Both of these companies produce flavoring or sauce Char Kuey Teow like Syah Flavor the merchandise by ES Fusion Enterprise ( ES Fusion ) company but they have a important differentiation between one another of the facets is a: 1. Productai Char Kuey Teow Jai Char Kuey Teow is 100 % autochthonal merchandises and it is nutrient heritage. This merchandise is manufactured by Huzmy Enterprise and has been in the market for 3 old ages in Malaysia. The endeavor Huzmy company now one measure frontward by publishing booth construct simple. fast and delightful. A concern who’s who highlighted the franchise construct. a new construct where the chief ingredient they use is Kuey Teow. The more of import for the Jai Char Kuey Teow they merely sell the sauce Char Kuey Teow by bundle that means by franchise. If person wants to get down the Char Kuey Teow concern they can come into Huzmy Enterprise. so under this company they will get down the concern Char Kuey Teow under the trade name Jai Char Kuey Teow. Cooking techniques and direction counsel will be given to anyone who would wish to run this concern under trade name Jai Char Kuey Teow. Under this franchise. anyone can fall in and take the more advantages given from them. it: No Franchise Fees ( Business merely franchise construct ) . 100 % manufactured by Bumiputera ( Huzmy Enterprise )Merchandises that are based on the construct of nomadic booths and easy install ( which can be brought to the Expo. Bazaar Ramadhan. Stadium. Carnival and Night Market pleased arranged anyplace. Businesss are concerned about hygiene and merchandise quality is assured. Kiosk quality chromium steel ( 100 % unstained steel ) Merchandise of Malaysia’s first franchise construct that is based on Kuey Teow Mee Easy to acquire natural stuffs ( around food market shops and mini-markets ) Other particular merchandise from other heritage and enjoy a delightful repast. Cooking techniques and direction will be given counsel from Huzmy Enterprise to bring forth and steer enterprisers. Covering in full ( full -time ) or parttime ( parttime ) Own concern and no force per unit area from employersHigh net income border!Low -risk concern and fight.Business construct Simple. Quick and Tasty. Then for the bundle provided by Huzmy Enterprise is a:For Sauce Bottles 5 Litter ( 35 helpings ) = RM34. 50Cost A ; Profit Dealer:1 BOTTLE SOS = RM34. 50 + RM33. 00 = wet stuff capitalTOTAL = RM67. 5035 home base X Minimum Price RM4. 00 = RM140. 00 ( Gross saless 1 home base )35 home bases X RM6. 00 = RM210. 00 MAXIMUM PRICE ( Gross saless 1 home base )( SPECIAL EYES + EGGS )Minimal Net income 100 %Maximal Profit 150 % 2 Puteri Char Kuey Teow RM Ninetysixbillion Enterprise company was established on July 27. 2010 with the issue of nutrient merchandises under the trade name of 2 Puteri. Merchandises are Sauce Char Kuey Teow 2 Puteri and Chili Boh Natural 2 Puteri. Sauce Char Kuey Teow 2 Puteri is one of the RM Ninetysixbillion Enterprise company’s merchandises provide an option for fans Penang Char Kuey Teow to acquire a more hearty meal gustatory sensation all of people buy this merchandise. Satisfied. self-generated and satisfied because its gustatory sensation meets their illusion. The monetary value is besides inexpensive and worthwhile purchase. The merchandise sauce Char Kuey Teow by 2 Puteri besides has the Halal enfranchisement from Jakim that’s really of import to do certain their merchandise Halal and clear to eat. 2 Puteri have 2 merchandise sauce Char Kuey Teow and Chili Boh but they largely focus on Chili Boh. the sauce still new. Now Sauce Char Kuey Teow 2 Puteri has 34 subdivisions penetrate Tesco Stores Malaysia is divided Store ‘Produk Malaysia Citarasa Kita’ and 10 Mydin Hypermarket subdivisions and the interior Sauce Agrobazaar. Sauce Char Kuey Teow 2 Puteri non merely delightful but besides made Char Kuey Teow be applied to the other dishes like Mee Goreng. pasta. fish. and can be eaten entirely. In 2013. they produce big size of the merchandise Char Kuey Teow 2 Puteri for users who open a eating house or tap house to acquire Char Kuey Teow 2 Puteri. New bottles for Char Kuey Teow 2 Puteri 4. 1 Rival Analysis 1. Merchandise Jai Char Kuey Teow merely has one merchandise for the their sauce its merely for 5 Liter so for their merchandise is are more to franchise concern non merely sell the sauce. So if any individual want start up concern Char Kuey Teow they can utilize the Jai Char Kuey Teow. they will hold the bundle by Jai and the particular sauce by Jai trade name. 2 Puteri a new trade name Char Kuey Teow and Chili Boh. so they still in procedure and do are more betterment and besides introducing to do certain their merchandise suited to demand from their clients. The merchandise by 2 Puteri is a 350 milliliter and merely one non bring forth many sorts of sauce because they are merely new and still to better their production of sauce. The more interesting for Syah Flavor comparison to their rivals. Shah Flavor have many types of their packaging of their sauce Char Kuey Teow. Syah Flavor has 2 types of sauce its 360 milliliter. 750 milliliter and 5 Liter. this suited for all coevalss if their merely a usage a litter of sauce so they can purchase for the 360 milliliter. From this. the Syah Flavor really interesting so client can do more pick depends on their usage of the merchandise. they can purchase 360 milliliter and frailty versa.

Mangrove Habitat Profile

Mangrove Habitat Profile Their unusual, dangling roots make mangroves look like trees on stilts. The term mangrove can be used to refer to certain species of trees or shrubs, a habitat or a swamp. This article focuses on the definition of mangroves and mangrove swamps, where mangroves are located and marine species you can find in mangroves.   What Is a Mangrove? Mangrove plants are halophytic (salt-tolerant) plant species, of which there are more than 12 families and 80 species worldwide. A collection of mangrove trees in an area makes up a mangrove habitat, mangrove swamp or mangrove forest.   Mangrove trees have a tangle of roots which are often exposed above water, leading to the nickname â€Å"walking trees.† Where Are Mangrove Swamps? Mangrove trees grow in  intertidal  or estuarine areas. They are found in warmer areas between the latitudes of 32 degrees north and 38 degrees south, as they need to live in areas where the average annual temperature is above 66 degrees Fahrenheit. It is thought that mangroves were originally found in southeast Asia, but have been disbursed around the world and are now found  along the tropical and subtropical coasts of Africa, Australia, Asia, and North and South America.  In the U.S., mangroves are commonly found in Florida. Mangrove Adaptations The roots of mangrove plants are  adapted  to filter salt water, and their leaves can excrete salt, allowing them to survive where other land plants cannot. Leaves that fall off the trees provide food for inhabitants and breakdown to provide nutrients to the habitat.   Why Are Mangroves Important? Mangroves are an important habitat. These areas provide food, shelter and nursery areas for fish, birds, crustaceans and other marine life. They also provide a source of livelihood for many humans around the world, including wood for fuel, charcoal and timber and areas for fishing. Mangroves also form a buffer that defends coastlines from flooding and erosion. What Marine Life Are Found in Mangroves? Many types of marine and terrestrial life utilize mangroves. Animals inhabit the mangrove’s leafy canopy and waters underneath the mangrove’s root system and live in nearby tidal waters and mudflats. In the U.S., larger species found in mangroves include reptiles such as the American crocodile and American alligator; sea turtles including the hawksbill, Ridley, green and loggerhead; fish such as snapper, tarpon, jack, sheepshead, and red drum; crustaceans such as shrimp and crabs; and coastal and migratory birds such as pelicans, spoonbills and bald eagles. In addition, less-visible species such as insects and crustaceans live among the roots and branches of the mangrove plants. Threats to Mangroves: Natural threats to mangroves include hurricanes, root clogging from increased water turbidity, and damage from boring organisms and parasites.Human impacts on mangroves have been severe in some places, and include dredging, filling, diking, oil spills, and runoff of human waste and herbicides. Some coastal development results in total loss of habitat. Conservation of mangroves is important for the survival of mangrove species, humans and also for the survival of two other habitats – coral reefs and seagrass beds. References and Further Information: American Museum of Natural History. What Is a Mangrove? And How Does it Work?. Accessed June 30, 2015.Coulombe, D. A. 1984. The Seaside Naturalist. Simon Schuster. 246pp.Law, Beverly E. and Nancy P. Arny. â€Å"Mangroves-Florida’s Coastal Trees†. University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service. Retrieved online October 17, 2008 (as of August 2010, the document appears to no longer be online).

Thirteen Days Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Thirteen Days - Research Paper Example He is facing world war 3 in the near future. They have to come up with a quick plan on how to stop the war heads from being operational. President Kennedy does not want to invade Cuba, though the chiefs of staff really think that invading Cuba would be the best solution at the moment. He says the same course of events led to the break out World War 1. This time the risks were high because nuclear weapons were involved. They settle on blockade as the first measure which technically is an act of war that would help remove the missiles from Cuba as well as avoid war. They agree not to call it a blockade but quarantine. This is where the US navy ships will stop any ships that enter Cuban water for inspection to make sure they are not carrying any lethal weapons into Cuba. Cuban ambassador to the US at first assures president Kennedy that there are weapons in Cuba but they are only for defensive but not offensive purposes, which the president sees as lies and sends US ambassador to the UN Mr. Aldai Stevenson to a council meeting where he roughs up the Cuban ambassador with questions to categorically state if whether there are nuclear weapons placed in Cuba by the Soviet Union or not. The ambassador avoids the questions and says that the American government was spreading malicious information to incite nations. Throughout the entire process president Kennedy is pressurized by the chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staffs, General Maxwell Taylor to hasten an invasion before the whole chance of removing the missiles from Cuba become impossible. The president does not wish to subject innocent American citizens to an act world war 3. But all the same information starts spreading fast across all the American states about the possibility of a world war 3 which drives a major panic to the people who now shop for food stuff and other things in plenty just case a war breaks

My Perception of John Keats Ode to a Nightingale Essay

My Perception of John Keats Ode to a Nightingale - Essay Example To my mind, this poem is an interlacement of themes, symbols, and mysterious images accompanied by perfect verse forms. My goal in this paper is to express my perception of the poem in terms of its themes and symbolism. Thematically, â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† explores a few directions. First of all, there is the author’s changing reality. To be more precise, real world somehow turns into the world of fantasy. Sometimes the divide is so slight in the poem that it is hard to pinpoint which reality the speaker is in. On a closer look, however, it becomes clear that by the fourth stanza the speaker has already united with the nightingale in a fantasy world which is lush, as well as dark. In particular, having heard the song of the nightingale, the author wishes to taste fine French wine in order to experience such condition of mind that will provide him with enjoyment of the nightingale: â€Å"that I might drink, and leave the world unseen, And with thee fade away into t he forest dim† ( Keats, â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale†, lines 19-20). Still, it crosses the poet’s mind that wine is not necessary to be with the bird, so he uses his metaphorical wings of poetry to escape to the forest. Away! away! for I will fly to thee, Not charioted by Bacchus and his pards, But on the viewless wings of Poesy, Though the dull brain perplexes and retards: Already with thee! tender is the night (Keats, â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale†, lines 36, 37). Next, in this changing realities context, the author is taken close to death experience in his mysterious journey. Yet, the bird flies away and this seems to breaks the spell. Throughout the poem, one may feel the author’s changed mental state, which he says is rooted in his natural condition rather than intoxication by some drug or alcohol. Furthermore, the theme of happiness/unhappiness is evident in the poem. Specifically, we get to know that the speaker feels extremely unhappy about his l ife burden placed on him by his age and time. He even expresses his hatred at the very thought that young and handsome people of the Romantic Movement will once become old and disabled. However, the author claims that what he feels is happiness for the singing nightingale, which makes his heart ache: 'Tis not through envy of thy happy lot, But being too happy in thine happiness, That thou, light-winged Dryad of the trees, In some melodious plot Of beechen green, and shadows numberless, Singest of summer in full-throated ease. (Keats, â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale†, lines 5-10). Another theme to reflect upon is the relationship between the man and Mother Nature. The author feels admiration for a tiny bird that represents Nature – everlasting and self-renewing. In particular, the nightingale is perceived as an embodiment of nature which is able to restore its natural cycles of both life and death, and thus stays immortal. Indeed, it seems the author’s perception of N ature is rather mysterious and even magical. So he grants some magical powers to the subject of his admiration. In particular, the nightingale singing on a tree is compared to a â€Å"dryad†, which is a spirit of the forest. To add, Nature leaves the speaker’s imagination spellbound and this thought is developed further in the poem. To illustrate, O for a draught of vintage! that hath been Cool'd a long age in the deep-delved earth, Tasting of Flora and the country-green (†¦) (Keats, â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale†, line 13) Symbolically, the image of nightingale is quite

1984 compared to cults Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the book 1984, written by George Orwell, there is a group portrayed that is similar to what society would call a cult. A cult is defined as a religion or religious sect generally considered to be extremist or false, with its followers often living in an unconventional manner under the guidance of an authoritarian, charismatic leader. Totalism is described as the principle of complete and unrestricted power in government. The books main themes include language as mind control and psychological and physical intimidation and manipulation. In the book, the people live in a city which is very out of the ordinary and also overseen by a charismatic leader, Big Brother. This society, portrayed by George Orwell has all the elements of a cult-like and totalist society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oceania, which is the Americas, the Atlantic islands including the British Isles, Australasia, and the southern portion of Africa, is where Winston Smith lives in the book 1984. Ingsoc, newspeak for English Socialism, is the political ideology of Oceania. â€Å"War is peace, freedom is slavery, ignorance is strength,† is the slogan of Oceania, which is displayed on the pyramid of the Ministry of Truth. The Ministry of Truth is where they change books to reflect the party’s ideology. â€Å"The language of the totalist environment is characterized by the thought-terminating clichà ©. The most far-reaching and complex of human problems are compressed into brief, highly reductive, definitive-sounding phrases, easily memorized and easily expressed. These become the start and finish of any ideological analysis† (Lifton). Big Brother used this method to break down the party’s complex theories and put them into one phrase. â€Å"War is peaceà ¢â‚¬  is the part that keeps all the people of Oceania united. Big Brother makes the people of Oceania think that they are in a state of constant war. By making the people think this, the people stay united against the other countries that â€Å"threaten† them. â€Å"Freedom is slavery† is used to scare people into remaining loyal to Big Brother. The party is saying that anyone who strays from Big Brother will surely fail. â€Å"Ignorance is strength† means that the inability of the people to realize how the party is keeping power is how the party stays in power. This type of language puts people on a leash and the more they repeat the party’s sl... .... These men called him Christ, which translates into â€Å"Chosen One†. Another example of religions starting out as a cult is Buddhism. Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama, also known as Buddha, who rejected the principles of Hinduism and found acceptance for his new ideas among a group of disciples. Big Brother never claimed to be the chosen one because he wasn’t taking power for religious purposes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They called him Big Brother because the name sounds like he would be one to protect his people, but he is just brainwashing them. Big Brother uses the same methods of control that are used by every cult and totalist leader. He uses lies to convince the people that he is protecting them, but he is just putting them on a leash that gets smaller and smaller with each day. He prevents the flow of information within Oceania just like cults makes their own newspaper and books. Not one person has left Oceania and came back to tell about it because if anyone left, they wouldn’t even be able to realize that all they’ve known is false. Now I understand Orwell when he wrote, â€Å"Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past.†

Analysis and comparison of the presentation of the prologue Essay

The prologue is the introduction, which gives an overview of the play. It tells us what happens at the end of the play, in this case in ‘Romeo and Juliet’ it is told in the introduction, for example the lines, ‘a pair of star-cross’d lovers take their life’, ‘doth with their death bury their parents strife’. These two lines say that Romeo and Juliet both deep in love with each other, die at the end of the play, the reason being that their parents hated each other. It also sets the scene of ‘Fair Verona’ and it explains the contents of the play, ‘Two households’, and ‘break to new mutiny’. The prologue is said by the chorus. This means it is an idea of a group of people taken from ancient Greek tradition. The prologue does not introduce the audience to the characters in the play; it just talks briefly about the events within the play. A prologue at the beginning of a play is a style commonly used by Shakespeare to open up a play. It is also common that Shakespeare uses the use of a sonnet to produce the prologues. A sonnet always has fourteen lines in total. It is a very precise piece of poetry. The rhyme scheme is very tight and controlled- a,b,a,b,c,d,c,d,e,f,e,f,g,g. They consist of three quatrains with a final rhyming couplet. It is very controlled, yet very subtle. You would tend to notice the story telling first and then later realise that it is a poem with rhythm. There are ten syllables in each line, a pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables. It is self consciously dramatic. It emphasises its purpose in telling the story, ‘Is now the two hour’s traffic of our stage. ‘ It directly tells the audience to pay attention, ‘The which if you with patient ears attend, what here shall miss, our toil shall strive to mend,’ and the play will develop from what the prologue has been revealing. In Franco Zefirelli’s production of ‘Romeo and Juliet’, the prologue is very brief and short. The film starts off with the details, the opening credits. The font to the credits is in white and in a quite gothic style of writing making it fit in with the traditional theme. While the details are slowly appearing on the screen, around the screen there is a thin border of orange geometric shapes on a yellow background. As the border is so bright and colourful, it is able to immediately catch the audience’s eyes and therefore grabs their attention. The border suggests a very sixties styles. You would probably expect a more formal, dark edged kind of border. A soft and slow melody played on a harpsichord plays quietly in the background. The effect that Zefirelli tries to create here is to create a nice calm beginning to the play. In shot one, you can see the camera panning over the city of ‘Fair Verona’ and slightly out of focus. The light is blue and hazy, gradually brightening up as the camera pans, suggesting that it is dawn. The colour of the light in the sky shining over the city, creates a dreamy and peaceful effect, and adds to the beauty of the city that is being shown. You could only just make out the tops of tall buildings and churches at first, but as it gradually gets lighter, the buildings and other features become more into focus. The rooftops of houses, church spires and a river are seen clearly. You are able to feel the quietness of the city in the early morning, which again gives the effect of the city being very calm and peaceful. The camera pans round the whole city, and then moves up towards the sun and stop with the sun being directly in the middle of the screen shot. The sun suggests the hot foreign climate of a hot foreign country, such as Italy. Shakespeare’s name appears when the camera has stop panning and focused on the sun. All of this equals one continuos shot. The panning is slow, and the brightening of the day is slow, creating a slow pace to the shot. It gives me the impression of a slow climax to the prologue, getting more and more intense as it goes along, and stopping at the sun gives me the impression that it represents the end, with an either tragic end or a very happy end. I think that it is trying to relate to the whole play itself, with the gradual climax with an intense ending. Throughout shot one, the speaker slowly recites the prologue in a poetic style. He speaks slowly going with the steady flow of the slow motion of the panning of the camera, so that it would not effect the background’s creation of peace. The speaker of the prologue is a man whose voice is gentle, soothing and rhythmic as he echoes the prologue. He still speaks when going into the second shot. Shot two is of a medieval courtyard. In front of the courtyard there is the city wall with battlements made of stone and brick, which gives the impression of the setting being in the medieval times. The camera stops moving and shows the shot of the courtyard while the speaker finishes reciting the prologue. As he completes his speech of the prologue, the camera moves slightly round to the left, which shows that where the camera is next to the city wall, it is also one of the ends of a busy marketplace. The sun’s golden bright morning light shines over the city wall and through the street of the marketplace, representing that it is the start of a new day. The sound of the hustle and bustle of a busy marketplace gradually builds up and the first act of the first scene begins there. This effect is to bring in the play with a more calm start and not rushing into the play with a different shot, bringing the audience into a slow and calm beginning. Zefirelli does not create any huge special effects. The title of the play, ‘Romeo and Juliet’ appears as the speaker says the words ‘star-crosse’d lovers’. Zefirelli’s purpose of having the title and the words ‘star-crosse’d lovers’ coming up at the same time, is to reinforce visually and aurally the main point of the play that it is a tragic story about the lovers Romeo and Juliet. Baz Luhrmann’s version of the prologue is done in much more detail and is emphasised a huge amount more. Luhrmann tries to grab the attention of the audience with very fast moving screen shots and very lively music. The first shot that comes up on the screen is of a TV with a blank screen, and the distance between the camera and the TV is very far, making the TV look very small in the distance. The first sound is the fuzziness of a TV, and then on the screen of the TV, the opening credits are displayed on white tiles with a black background. The contrast between the colours gives a very sharp effect. This gives a very different first effect on the audience compared to Zefirelli’s opening shot. Luhrmann’s first shot of the bold white tiles with a black background, gets the audience’s attention straight away. After the credits, a female newsreader appears on the TV screen, and she reads aloud the prologue. She says the prologue like reading aloud a news report rather than in a poetic sonnet way. This makes the prologue subtle and it makes the audience think twice before realising that it is the prologue that she is saying. The subtle speaking of the prologue differs with Zefirelli’s make of the prologue being obvious to opening up the film. Beside the newsreader in the background, there is a small picture with some text underneath it. As the camera is in the far distance, it makes it hard to see what the picture and text are, which makes the audience wonder what it is. While the newsreader is saying the prologue, the camera subtly zooms in directly towards the screen, and the picture in the corner gradually comes into focus. The picture is of a broken ring with the text underneath it saying ‘Star cross’d lovers’. The symbolism of the broken ring is that the lovers end up being torn away from each other. After the newsreader says the twelfth line of the prologue, the camera suddenly picks up speeds and zooms right into the TV screen, through a high street. At the same time the words, ‘Fair Verona’ constantly flashes up in white with a black background. From the zooming, it has merged from one background into another. This sudden pick up of speed would as if wake up the audience and shocking them as the screen had suddenly gone from one shot to another. This is very unlike Zefirelli’s presentation of the prologue, as he keeps his prologue simple and calm all the way through, whereas Luhrmann uses the effect of zooming and flashing words up creating a dramatic scene. The reason of flashing the words, ‘Fair Verona’ while the camera rushes down the high street, is to make the audience understand the comparison and realise exactly how ‘fair’ Verona really is in his version of the film. It shows a decaying urban landscape contradicting ‘fair Verona’. The font style of the writing is bold like Arial, and is in block capitals, making it clear to the audience what it says. In Zefirelli’s, as the camera pans over the city, you can see that Verona is very pretty and fair, as the prologue says it is. As the camera reaches the end of the street, the camera is suddenly focused on the face of a statue, which was far in the distance from where the zooming into the street began. Very dramatic music starts to be played loudly, which produces a bigger effect on grabbing the audience’s attention. The camera then pulls back to view the tops of two corporate buildings with the statue in the middle. The buildings have big signs on the top of them. They are the names of the two households, Capulet and Montague. They are in different colours, Capulet in red and Montague in blue. The differences in the colours emphasise the difference between the two. The effect of having the statue splitting the two buildings up is to make the point clear, that the two households need something or someone to keep them apart to avoid causing major trouble in the city, as they absolutely despise each other. The statue shown actually represents Jesus Christ. It is Jesus Christ who is trying to control the families and bringing some peace to the city. In Zefirelli’s version, the point that the two families cannot stand each other is not emphasised. As the prologue is said in the same tone and way all the way through and the pictures are just of how fair Verona is, does not give a definite and clear point that the two households are major enemies. Luhrmann makes it visual to the audience, the hate between the two families. The next part of the introduction to Luhrmann’s production of ‘Romeo and Juliet’, is of a rapid chain of clips from one to the other including clips of police cars with ‘VBPD’ on the side of them standing for ‘Verona Beach Police Department’. This is shown to tell the audience that this is ‘Verona Beach’ and not fair ‘Verona’. The chain of clips also includes clips of helicopters, clips of the disaster from different viewpoints, some far up in the sky, some close up to casualties who were injured, and the damage done to the city by this one disaster brought up because of the hate between the Capulets and the Montagues. The disaster is emphasised in this rapid succession of clips, to stress how much damage can be caused by one incident done by the two families. It also makes the audience think and imagine if this one incident caused so much damage, the amount of damage that they probably had done to the city in the past and what would be done in the future. The prologue is said once again while another variety of images using other media of newspaper articles and magazine covers appear. This time, the prologue is said by a character whom is actually in the play, referring to how the prologue is traditionally said by the chorus. The character who speaks the prologue is Friar Lawrence, and he says it in a poetic way, and this time the rhythm of a sonnet is emphasised. A man with a soft, gentle and low voice speaks the prologue like it is in Zefirelli’s production. This is one similarity that the two productions have. As he speaks, some words of the prologue is emphasised by magazine headlines appearing, using the effect of spinning one on top of the other. The headlines include ‘New Mutiny’ and ‘Civil Blood Makes Civil Hands Unclean’. These headlines are to tell the audience and remind them the symbolism and reasoning behind each word in the prologue. There is also a faint background of burning flames when these headlines appearing as if showing the damage done. The images however, some are of like modern day newspapers and magazines. The camera slowly pans through a rack of different covers, and the headline of each newspaper and magazine are all referring to the feud caused between the two households, emphasising that they produce big issues in the city. Other images in this group of images include police taking charge of the situation in a live kind of view, showing how fast the police and other services had to respond to reduce the risk of more damage happening. The police and fire departments had to work into the night with the clearing up of the situation. This is known as the images are taken from broad daylight into the dark night. These images give the audience a visual understanding of how bad it is of the two households hating each other, which can cause so many innocent people in the city to be harmed. As the speaking of the prologue comes to an end, with the two lines ‘A pair of star cross’d lovers, take their life’ with the lines shown in white writing on a black background. This effect by now would be recognised by the audience by now as it had been used before to state the words ‘Fair Verona’. This effect of repeating jogs the audience’s memories reminding them again and again the importance of the lines in the prologue. As the prologue stops being spoken, the same dramatic music becomes loud again. Each of the main characters are shown one by one with a pause on each with the text describing who each of the characters are and how they are either related to Romeo or Juliet or what the purpose of the character is in the film. This presentation of the character echoes the style of how it was done in famous program called ‘Dallas’. In Zefirelli’s version, the characters were not introduced and the film got right into the first scene once the prologue was spoken. A shot of Romeo looking through the narrow gap of a door appears, and then the camera immediately changes its angle to show what he see, which is a church aisle with blue neon crosses and candles. The angles that these two shots were taken were both through a narrow opening of the door. The first shot was taken from the inside of the church looking at Romeo, the man standing outside the door, and the second shot was taken from the outside of the door looking into the church. It emphasises what Romeo had seen, which the audience can assume is Juliet lying on the alter at the end of the aisle, Romeo thinking that she had really died. It also symbolises with that it was the conclusion and the end, viewing Romeo and the crosses, show that they were linked together and producing the idea of death. There was one more series of fast moving clips and a rush of lines as a final wind up to the prologue. There are a variety of different clips of things that happen from the beginning of the play to the end. The repeating of the clips again and again produce permanent images into the minds of the audience. The prologue ends with the words ‘take their life’ and move onto the first act. The words ‘take their life’ are stated to tell the audience that the story line would conclude with something relevant to it. I think that it is a new technique Luhrmann has used. He uses the technique of grabbing the attention of the audience and makes them concentrate. The prologue being reinforced by being presented for the third time, does not makes the audience get bored and tire of the clips being seen and seen again, but make them more excited about the film. I think that both Zefirelli and Luhrmann were trying to represent ‘Romeo and Juliet’ in a different way, with different techniques. The prologue was of course interpreted differently. Zefirelli presented the prologue in his production in a gentle and calm way all the way through giving the audience a good idea of the peace and beauty of Verona. Luhrmann of course presented the prologue in a different way, almost a complete contrast to what Zefirelli did. He changed ‘Fair Verona’ into urban sprawled Verona. I think that the presentations of the prologue were both appropriate for their interpretations because Zefirelli wanted to keep his production of ‘Romeo and Juliet’ original and alike Shakespeare. Luhrmann wanted to interpret the play into something slightly more modern and unlike Shakespeare’s original version. In Luhrmann’s production he emphasised the complications between the two households and the alterations he had made to the film, like how he set his production in an urban city and called it ‘Verona Beach’ instead of setting it in the original city of Verona in Italy.