A Hyphenation Quiz

A Hyphenation Quiz A Hyphenation Quiz A Hyphenation Quiz By Mark Nichol Indeed, I publicity right hyphenation, yet appropriate treatment of the little line empowers clear correspondence, so on this site, I more than once append significance to the connection apparatus. In the accompanying sentences, inordinate or inadequate utilization of hyphens mists instead of explains. Right the connective cataclysms underneath, at that point check my answer key at the base of the page: 1. â€Å"The program offers understudy coordinated and understudy started research-and revelation based learning opportunities.† 2. â€Å"The plan incorporates coincidental demise and dissection coverage.† 3. â€Å"The specialist turned-competitor talked about his strict beliefs.† 4. â€Å"Maybe the nation just doesn’t need a my way or the thruway Texan in the White House again.† 5. â€Å"Travel to approach space in a 400-foot measurement balloon.† 6. â€Å"He everything except addressed the administrators assembled.† 7. â€Å"The rainbow banner flew at half-staff to respect Elizabeth Taylor, the Hollywood-star-and symbol to gays who kicked the bucket in March.† Answers 1. This hyphen-immersed sentence, however in fact right (however to be reasonable yet ungainly, the second notice of the word understudy ought to be omitted), peruses better when it is loose: â€Å"The program, in view of research and disclosure, permits understudies to direct and start their own learning opportunities.† â€Å"Student-coordinated and - initiated† and â€Å"research-and revelation based† are appropriate instances of suspensive hyphenation, yet the twofold suspension string â€Å"student-coordinated and (understudy)- started research-and revelation based† is unnecessary. 2. As composed, this sentence infers that the inclusion is inadvertent. In any case, the inclusion apparently ensures against two prospects: coincidental passing, and dismantling, so the expression â€Å"accidental death† ought to be hyphenated to flag that the constituent words join to change inclusion, and in light of the fact that the protection likewise applies to nondeliberate evisceration, that word ought to be gone before by a suspended hyphenation. Be that as it may, in light of the fact that no insurance agency hyphenates this expression in its writing, I’m slanted to ask for, as in the past model, in any event a casual modify that blocks hyphenation: â€Å"The plan remembers inclusion for instance of incidental demise and dismemberment.† 3. At the point when the action word turned stands between a word portraying a previous state and one alluding to a present state, dissimilar to just like the case with the comparably utilized combination cum (â€Å"with†), no hyphenation is essential: â€Å"The businessperson turned competitor talked about his strict beliefs.† 4. The word string characterizing what sort of Texan the subject is must be corralled into one gathering, either with quotes that suggest that the assumption is actually or metaphorically expressed, or with numerous hyphens: â€Å"Maybe the nation just doesn’t need a my-way-or-the-thruway Texan in the White House again.† 5. This sentence oversees two hyphenation mistakes inside its ten-word length. Close is regularly incorrectly appended to the accompanying thing; hyphenation is right just when close and the accompanying word structure a phrasal modifier changing a third term, as in â€Å"near-space traveler travel† (where the open compound â€Å"tourist travel† is a thing expression). Likewise, the apathetic hyphenation that follows suggests the presence of an odd thing alluded to as a measurement expand; this one clearly has 400 five-toed members. The expression ought to be amended to accurately mirror that the inflatable is 400 feet in distance across: â€Å"Travel to approach space in a 400-foot-width balloon.† 6. The adjusting expression â€Å"all but† needs not be joined to the action word, nor do the two words in that expression require association: â€Å"He everything except addressed the officials assembled.† 7. Half-staff, similar to its equivalent half-pole (regularly wrongly utilized in nonmaritime settings), is accurately hyphenated. The hyphenation blunder happens later in the sentence, when the essayist, befuddled about how to develop the shine of Elizabeth Taylor, loses steam close to the end. The expression â€Å"Hollywood star and symbol to gays,† be that as it may, requires no connective tissue: â€Å"The rainbow banner flew at half-staff to respect Elizabeth Taylor, the Hollywood star and symbol to gays who kicked the bucket in March.† Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Punctuation classification, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:Direct and Indirect ObjectsAcronym versus InitialismArtist versus Craftsman

Music and no music condition Essay

The utilization of music is by all accounts a decent method of operationalising the IV the same number of individuals do figure out how to the sound of music so in this way the distinction between the music and no music condition ought to be checked. Additionally, getting the members to record the words is a decent method of estimating the DV as it implies it is anything but difficult to gather and dissect the data. The study itself was very straightforward and it appeared to quantify what impacts music has on learning. The free factor was controlled so that it was hard for there to be at any rate the outcomes could have been influenced altogether. Additionally in light of the fact that the estimation strategy was extremely basic there isn’t a possibility that the outcomes could be deciphered in the incorrect manner. As the examination was a research center test it doesn’t have as high legitimacy as a field analyze. In spite of the fact that the members were not in a bizarre domain, the way that they realized they were being examined may bring down the biological legitimacy of the study. Leading on from the way that the investigation may have terrible natural legitimacy, there is additionally the issue of the examination having awful member reactivity. Seeing as they probably am aware they are being considered and they realize they need to become familiar with the rundown of words given to them, they may invest significantly more energy than they typically would in their regular daily existence. There is the factor of social allure and how a few members may purposely attempt to review less words. Improving Validity Although it would be troublesome and costly it could be conceivable to take the investigation outside the research center to expand the natural legitimacy of the examination. You could screen the members while they are learning for something at home and keeping in mind that they are playing their own music in their rooms. They could then be tried unwittingly at school by one of their reachers. However, regardless of whether these progressions were made, the outcomes would presumably still remain the equivalent. It has been demonstrated before by various investigations done by various researchers that music helps when attempting to learn. This is the reason understudies are urged to tune in to silent music when reexamining for tests. These progressions would likewise help improve member reactivity on the off chance that they are concentrated in a recognizable domain. It would give them a suspicion that all is well and good and the need to look ‘cool’ isn't required any longer and there is no additional constrain put on them to learn in light of the fact that they don’t have the inclination they are being examined. So, these progressions could really change the outcomes somewhat if just with a couple of members. It may be discovered that there is higher review in the two conditions however yet the distinction may even now remain the equivalent. Reliability The study is exceptionally simple to reproduce as there is numerous references to different investigations like it. Likewise in light of the fact that the examination is very straightforward in itself and modest to do there are once in a while any issues in reproducing it for various purposes. One conceivable jumbling variable was presented by the way that there were four specialists in the room at the hour of the investigation and they all knew the speculations. They may have attempted give the members help in reviewing the words by giving indications and pieces of information with the goal that the outcomes were progressively indisputable. This may have prompted problematic correlations between conditions. As the investigation was a lab test it implied the specialists had great power over the examination. The words that were picked were all unambiguous so the members would not have deciphered them in various manners. Additionally the test had been seriously normalized. The words were appeared on an over head projector so they were all taking a gander at something very similar when learning was occurring. Additionally the testing was finished in a similar room and simultaneously of day for each condition so the members were not feeling more drained in one condition than the other. Improving reliability The just conceivable approach to improve unwavering quality was to downplay analyst contact or have an individual in the room that was ignorant of the speculation so they couldn’t change the examination in any capacity. This would be troublesome however in light of the fact that once they are in the room it becomes very clear what the examination is about. This could be controlled for by utilizing an outside non military personnel to be the one individual giving the members directions on what they need to do. There could be one individual picked for each condition with the goal that they don’t think about what the examination is about. Even if these progressions increased the unwavering quality of the investigation the main contrast they may make to the outcomes is to diminish the distinctions found between the two conditions.

Signs of a Functional Alcoholic

Signs of a Functional Alcoholic Addiction Alcohol Use Print Signs of a Functional Alcoholic By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 14, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 02, 2020 Thinkstock / Stockbyte / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Many people think of alcoholics as disheveled, homeless winos who have lost everything, but there are people who meet the criteria for a medical diagnosis for alcohol dependence who are highly functional in society and still have their jobs, homes, and families. This type of drinker is known as a functional alcoholic. They rarely miss work and other obligations because of their drinking, although it does happen occasionally, and they usually excel at their jobs and careers. Typically, they are clever and witty individuals who are successful in many areas of their lives. To all but those who are closest to them, they give the outward appearance of being perfectly normal. Denial Is a Big Problem One of the main reasons that alcoholics seek help for their drinking problems is the eventual negative consequences of their alcohol consumption. When the pain or embarrassment gets bad enough, they can no longer deny that their drinking needs to be addressed. For the functional alcoholic, the denial runs deep, because they have yet to encounter outward negative consequences. They go to work every day. They havent suffered financially. They have never been arrested. They dont have a problem. But There Really Is a Problem The functional alcoholic consumes as much alcohol as any full-blown alcoholic, they just dont exhibit the outward symptoms of intoxication. This is because they have developed a tolerance for alcohol to the point that it takes more for them to feel the effects (including hangovers). Consequently, they must drink increasingly larger amounts to get the same buzz they want. This slow build-up of alcohol tolerance means the functional alcoholic is drinking at dangerous levels that can result in alcohol-related organ damage, cognitive impairment, and alcohol dependence.?? Chronic heavy drinkers can display a functional tolerance to the point they show few obvious signs of intoxication even at high blood alcohol concentrations, which in others would be incapacitating. Are You a Functional Alcoholic? Could it be that you are an alcoholic even though you continue to function well in society? Could your drinking have slowly increased to the point that you have become alcohol dependent without even knowing it? You should take the alcoholism screening quiz. Below is a profile of typical functional alcoholic behavior. See if any of these actions seem familiar. This profile is a female, but the same behaviors are typical for males, of course. Its also important to note that functional alcoholic is not a formal medical term or diagnosis. She Drinks Like She Did in College:  When she was in college, she was the first to arrive and the last to leave the party. She could drink everyone else under the table. Most of her friends graduated, grew up and stopped partying. Now in her mid-30s, she still drinks like a freshman away from home the first time.She Can Hold Her Liquor:  She can drink as much or more than anyone, but rarely appears intoxicated. She seldom staggers or slurs her speech. She is more than likely a happy drunk, rarely getting unpleasant or belligerent when drinking.First One at the Bar:  Shes highly functional at work, but as soon as the work day is over, shes the first one at the bar or she makes a drink as soon as she walks into her home to unwind. She probably drinks the first two or three drinks very quickly. If for some reason she has to unexpectedly stay late at work, she can become agitated or irritable.Drinking Is a Big Part of Her Life: She talks about drinking a lot and she is often the driving force behind office parties and drinking gatherings after work. She brags about her drinking bouts on her blog and most of the pictures in her photo albums were taken in barrooms. She tends to avoid events where no alcohol is available. She buys the economy sizes and always makes sure there is enough alcohol available.Jokes About Her Drinking: She laughs about her alcohol consumption and drinking episodes with jokes like, Im a drunk, alcoholics go to meetings. The humor is an attempt to validate that her drinking is a choice. After all, real alcoholics deny they have a problem, right? If confronted about the amount she drinks, however, she may get defensive, angry or belligerent.Friends Ignore the Symptoms:  Because she is generally well-liked and fun-loving, or perhaps because shes in a position of authority, those around her also laugh off her drunken escapades. But secretly, they know she has a problem. They talk behind her back. But rarely is she confronted directly about her dr inking.She Begins to See the Effects:  Although she continues to be functional, it begins to get more difficult to do. She begins to notice withdrawal symptoms when shes not drinking, such as the shakes or nervousness. Shes having more frequent memory blanks. She needs more makeup to cover her flushed face, grayish pallor or dark circles. Her drinking antics are becoming more extreme, dangerous or embarrassing. A Dangerous Stage of the Disease Unfortunately, even when functional alcoholics begin to recognize that they have a drinking problem, they still resist reaching out for help. By the time they admit the problem, their withdrawal symptomsâ€"which can begin within a few hours after their last drinkâ€"can become more and more severe. They may try to quit on their own, but the withdrawals are too unpleasant or severe. Therefore, they continue to drink to keep the withdrawals at bay and the cycle continues. Usually, it is only when their continued drinking becomes more painful than the prospect of going through the pain of alcohol withdrawal, will they finally reach out for help. But it doesnt have to be that way. Medical detoxification provides medication, vitamins, and diet to help ease the withdrawal process. Help is available.

America s Domestic Markets Against Foreign Traders

Occasionally both tariffs (tax that adds to the cost of imported goods) and import quotas (a restriction placed on the quantity of particular good that a country can import) are used to control the quantity of foreign products that can enter a country’s domestic markets. Several arguments have been raised regarding reasons for protecting domestic markets against foreign traders. Nonetheless, protectionism is characterized by several welfare consequences. The arguments for protectionism can be categorized into economic and non-economic. The economic arguments mostly focus on national welfare. On the other hand, arguments for non-economic protectionism are based on national interests. This paper evaluates the potential justifications for protectionism measures. Protectionism Improves National Welfare by Preventing International Price Discrimination Sometimes goods might be sold overseas at prices that are below their production cost and below market price in the domestic market. Cassimatis (2007) argues that, through international price discrimination, import competing industries might be forced to exit the market. Ideally, it is costly to re-establish industries after they have been forced to close down. Although not common in modern times, governments might be justified to effectively set prices of goods that are not domestically produced (imported goods) (Cassimatis 2007). These measures would prevent dumping: the process of exporting goods by a country to another countryShow MoreRelatedCurrency Depreciation, Currency, And Currency1519 Words   |  7 Pagesof a nation’s currency in terms of another currency. Therefore, the exchange rate has two components, the domestic currency and foreign currency, and it can be quoted directly or directly. In a direct quotation, the foreign currency is the base currency and the dom estic currency is the counter currency. While in an indirect quotation, the domestic currency is the base currency and the domestic currency is the counter currency. For example, a United States dollar is equal to $1.1050 in Canada. In thisRead MoreForeign Exchange Markets Trade Currencies1075 Words   |  5 PagesForeign exchange markets trade currencies around the world. Traders in large banks in North America, Europe, and Asia carry out the majority of the buying and selling of foreign exchange. A foreign exchange rate is the price of a country s currency in terms of another currency. Exchange rates are determined in the foreign exchange market. 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Currency ETF s are purchased to track most international currencies including the U.S. Dollars, Canadian dollars, and Mexican peso. Currency ETF s aim to replicate movements in currency in the foreign exchange market by holding currencies either directly or through currency- denominated short-term debt instruments. LaunchedRead MoreSwot Analysis : Latin America1265 Words   |  6 Pagesadvantage of fluctuations between currencies. Currency ETFs can be purchased to track most international currencies including the U.S. dollars, Canadian dollars, and Mexican peso. Currency ETFs aim to replicate movements in currency in the foreign exchange market by holding currencies either directly or through currency-denominated short-term debt instruments. 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Journal Article Review The Fitness Benefits of Pushing a...

There are many benefits to living a healthy lifestyle that includes adequate amounts of physical activity. One of the biggest benefits is improved cardiovascular health. Other benefits are reductions in the occurrence of diseases such as heart disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, and certain types of cancers. There is also a decrease in anxiety and depression in physically active individuals. Among women at various ages throughout the lifespan, it has been shown that physical activity positively influences general health, mental health, reduction in the rate of obesity, and overall vitality.1 These same benefits apply to postpartum women particularly improved psychosocial well-being and cardiovascular fitness. Return†¦show more content†¦Each trial of walking was approximately 5 to 6 minutes in length. After each trial, the participants rested until their heart rate returned to resting level. The authors hypothesized that pushing a weighted baby strol ler would meet activity recommendations of public health organizations for moderate-intensity exercise, which their findings supported and proved true for most of the variables considered. At a speed of 3 mph, the mean intensity was 4.8 METs for pushing a single stroller and 5.3 METs for a double stroller, which both the requirement for moderate intensity physical activity (3.0-5.9 METs). At a speed of 4 mph, the mean intensity was 7.0 METs for bother the single and double strollers, which meets the requirement for vigorous intensity physical activity. Overall, the heart rate achieved by the double stroller group was higher than the single stroller group at both speeds. When the intensity was expressed as % HRmax, all of the exercise conditions except pushing a single stroller at 3 mph met the threshold for moderate intensity exercise.1 In a study by Evenson et al,2 they looked at the beliefs, barriers, and enablers of physical activity in postpartum women. This study was an e xtension of the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition (PIN3) Study called the PIN3 Postpartum Study that focused on collecting data from the participants during the postpartum period. The study conducted home interviews

Dan-Erik Nilsson A Research Paper Free Essays

How truly complex and remarkable structures such as the human eye could evolve has almost always been one of the direst questions that have puzzled biologists around the world. We know that human sight relies on the ability of our eye to be able to form a clear and focused image on the retina. There are many researchers who have studied this issue, most of which who have suggested that prior to the evolution of the lens, there was a â€Å"regulatory link between two tiers of genres, those that would later become responsible for controlling lens development, and those that would help give the lens its special physical properties†¦it is†¦This combination of genes which appears to have then been selected in an early vertebrae during the evolution of its visual system, giving rise to the lens† (Current Biology, 2005). We will write a custom essay sample on Dan-Erik Nilsson: A Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now The history of research on this matter is long and extensive, and although there are really no evolutionary biologists known better than Charles Darwin, who stated that â€Å"To suppose that the eye, with all its inimitable contrivances for adjusting the focus to different distances, for admitting different amounts of light, and for the correction of spherical and chromatic aberration, could have been formed by natural selection, seems, I freely confess, absurd in the highest possible degree† (Ridley, 2004). There are also many other evolutionary biologists who must be taken into consideration here, one in particular to be referenced in this report, Dan-Erik Nilsson. When it comes to a subject such as evolutionary biology, there are plenty of critics and skeptics that are present in this regards. Through natural selection, there have been many very different types of eyes which have emerged in evolutionary history in general, and for instance Darwin, who was one of the first truly recognized, acknowledged from the start that â€Å"the eye would have been a difficult case for his new theory to explain. Difficult, but not impossible. Scientists have come up with scenarios through which the first eye-like structure, a light-sensitive pigmented spot on the skin, could have gone through changes and complexities to form the human eye, with its many parts and astounding abilities† (Evolution Library, 2007). Biologists in general use the range of less complex light sensitive structures that exist in living species today in order to come to hypotheses regarding the various evolutionary stages that eyes may have gone through over time. One evolutionary biologist in general who has sparked much controversy, especially regarding the issue of the evolution of the eye, is Dan-Erik Nilsson. I chose this individual to focus on for this assignment because he has been so renowned and recognized in terms of his contributions to this matter. Specifically, his major contribution to evolution was his demonstration that a primitive optical sense organ could â€Å"evolve into a complex human-like eye within a reasonable period (less than a million years) simply through small mutations and natural selection† (Nilsson, 1994). His demonstration involves discussing how the complex human eye could have possibly evolved through natural selection acting on certain and specific, small variations. He began with a simple patch of light sensitive cells, from which his model evolves until a clear image is produced as a result. Nilsson found that â€Å"eyes corresponding to every stage in this sequence have been found in existing living sequences. The existence of this range of less complex light-sensitive structures supports scientists’ hypotheses about how complex eyes like ours could evolve. The first animals with anything resembling an eye lived about 550 million years ago. And, according to one scientist’s calculations, only 364,000 years would have been needed for a camera-like eye to evolve from a light-sensitive patch† (Evolution Library, 2004). It was found from his discoveries that every change had to confer at least some sort of survival advantage, regardless of how slight each change actually was. Eventually from this what Nilsson found was that eventually the light-sensitive spot evolved into a retina, which is the known term for the layer of cells and pigment at the back of the human eye. Then, â€Å"Over time a lens formed at the front of the eye. It could have arisen as a double-layered transplant tissue containing increasing amounts of liquid that gave it the convex curvature of the human eye† (Evolution Library, 2007). I agree with Nilsson’s views because he shows in all of his work how much time and consideration he has put into the matter and he has solid, concrete proof behind every one of his theories. His life in retrospect also solidifies him as an intelligent, reliable evolutionary biologist, and also his work involving Darwin’s theories, as Nilsson and fellow evolutionary biologists worked to basically disprove many of his known theories. In particular they simulated a model of the eye to find out how difficult evolution really is. Nilsson allowed the shape of the model eye to change at random, in steps of no more than 1% change at a time. â€Å"The model eye then evolved in the computer, with each new generation formed from the optically superior eyes in the previous generation; changes that made the optics worse were rejected, as selection would reject them in nature†¦The work illustrates the value of building models to test our institutions† (Ridley, 2004). Nilsson’s research has absolutely had a great and significant impact on the field of evolutionary biology because his theories have all been so new and innovative and incredibly sufficient of proving that there is in fact an evolution of the eye. Overall from this report we can conclude a number of things, in particular that over his life Dan-Erik Nilsson made some seriously significant contributions to the field through his work in the evolution of the eye theories, and this is not only on his own but in accompaniment with other evolutionary biologists as well. References Current Biology, Vol. 15, Pages 1684-1689, September 20, 2006. DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2005.08.046 Evolution Library. (2007). Evolution of the Eye. Retrieved September 21, 2007, from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/01/1/l_011_01.html Nilsson, Dan-E. (1994). â€Å"Beware of Pseudo-Science: A Response to David Berlinkski’s Attack on my Calculation of how Long it Takes for an Eye to Evolve†. Talk Reason. Ridley, M. (2004). Evolution of the Eye. Retrieved September 21, 2007, from http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/ridley/a-z/Evolution_of_the_eye.asp How to cite Dan-Erik Nilsson: A Research Paper, Essays Dan-Erik Nilsson A Research Paper Free Essays How truly complex and remarkable structures such as the human eye could evolve has almost always been one of the direst questions that have puzzled biologists around the world. We know that human sight relies on the ability of our eye to be able to form a clear and focused image on the retina. There are many researchers who have studied this issue, most of which who have suggested that prior to the evolution of the lens, there was a â€Å"regulatory link between two tiers of genres, those that would later become responsible for controlling lens development, and those that would help give the lens its special physical properties†¦it is†¦ This combination of genes which appears to have then been selected in an early vertebrae during the evolution of its visual system, giving rise to the lens† (Current Biology, 2005). We will write a custom essay sample on Dan-Erik Nilsson: A Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now The history of research on this matter is long and extensive, and although there are really no evolutionary biologists known better than Charles Darwin, who stated that â€Å"To suppose that the eye, with all its inimitable contrivances for adjusting the focus to different distances, for admitting different amounts of light, and for the correction of spherical and chromatic aberration, could have been formed by natural selection, seems, I freely confess, absurd in the highest possible degree† (Ridley, 2004). There are also many other evolutionary biologists who must be taken into consideration here, one in particular to be referenced in this report, Dan-Erik Nilsson. When it comes to a subject such as evolutionary biology, there are plenty of critics and skeptics that are present in this regards. Through natural selection, there have been many very different types of eyes which have emerged in evolutionary history in general, and for instance Darwin, who was one of the first truly recognized, acknowledged from the start that â€Å"the eye would have been a difficult case for his new theory to explain. Difficult, but not impossible. Scientists have come up with scenarios through which the first eye-like structure, a light-sensitive pigmented spot on the skin, could have gone through changes and complexities to form the human eye, with its many parts and astounding abilities† (Evolution Library, 2007). Biologists in general use the range of less complex light sensitive structures that exist in living species today in order to come to hypotheses regarding the various evolutionary stages that eyes may have gone through over time. One evolutionary biologist in general who has sparked much controversy, especially regarding the issue of the evolution of the eye, is Dan-Erik Nilsson. I chose this individual to focus on for this assignment because he has been so renowned and recognized in terms of his contributions to this matter. Specifically, his major contribution to evolution was his demonstration that a primitive optical sense organ could â€Å"evolve into a complex human-like eye within a reasonable period (less than a million years) simply through small mutations and natural selection† (Nilsson, 1994). His demonstration involves discussing how the complex human eye could have possibly evolved through natural selection acting on certain and specific, small variations. He began with a simple patch of light sensitive cells, from which his model evolves until a clear image is produced as a result. Nilsson found that â€Å"eyes corresponding to every stage in this sequence have been found in existing living sequences. The existence of this range of less complex light-sensitive structures supports scientists’ hypotheses about how complex eyes like ours could evolve. The first animals with anything resembling an eye lived about 550 million years ago. And, according to one scientist’s calculations, only 364,000 years would have been needed for a camera-like eye to evolve from a light-sensitive patch† (Evolution Library, 2004). It was found from his discoveries that every change had to confer at least some sort of survival advantage, regardless of how slight each change actually was. Eventually from this what Nilsson found was that eventually the light-sensitive spot evolved into a retina, which is the known term for the layer of cells and pigment at the back of the human eye. Then, â€Å"Over time a lens formed at the front of the eye. It could have arisen as a double-layered transplant tissue containing increasing amounts of liquid that gave it the convex curvature of the human eye† (Evolution Library, 2007). I agree with Nilsson’s views because he shows in all of his work how much time and consideration he has put into the matter and he has solid, concrete proof behind every one of his theories. His life in retrospect also solidifies him as an intelligent, reliable evolutionary biologist, and also his work involving Darwin’s theories, as Nilsson and fellow evolutionary biologists worked to basically disprove many of his known theories. In particular they simulated a model of the eye to find out how difficult evolution really is. Nilsson allowed the shape of the model eye to change at random, in steps of no more than 1% change at a time. â€Å"The model eye then evolved in the computer, with each new generation formed from the optically superior eyes in the previous generation; changes that made the optics worse were rejected, as selection would reject them in nature†¦The work illustrates the value of building models to test our institutions† (Ridley, 2004). Nilsson’s research has absolutely had a great and significant impact on the field of evolutionary biology because his theories have all been so new and innovative and incredibly sufficient of proving that there is in fact an evolution of the eye. Overall from this report we can conclude a number of things, in particular that over his life Dan-Erik Nilsson made some seriously significant contributions to the field through his work in the evolution of the eye theories, and this is not only on his own but in accompaniment with other evolutionary biologists as well. References Current Biology, Vol. 15, Pages 1684-1689, September 20, 2006. DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2005.08.046 Evolution Library. (2007). Evolution of the Eye. Retrieved September 21, 2007, from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/01/1/l_011_01.html Nilsson, Dan-E. (1994). â€Å"Beware of Pseudo-Science: A Response to David Berlinkski’s Attack on my Calculation of how Long it Takes for an Eye to Evolve†. Talk Reason. How to cite Dan-Erik Nilsson: A Research Paper, Essays

Tata Engineering & Locomotive Company Essays - Jamshedpur

Tata Engineering & Locomotive Company THE COMPANY The Tata Engineering & Locomotive Company (commonly known as Telco), is India's largest private sector company in terms of revenues and market capitalisation. It is also one of the 6 largest manufacturers of commercial vehicles in the world. Telco is a part of Tata Enterprises, which is the largest industrial group in India, employing assets of Rs.267 million (US$7.6 billion) in a wide range of businesses including Automobiles, Steel, Information Technology, Telecommunications, Energy, Chemicals, Hotels and Tea Telco was incorporated in 1945, to manufacture steam locomotives. Today it has a domestic market share of 68% in the MCV/HCV segment, 64% in the LCV segment and 32% in the multi-utility segment. Telco has been exporting its products since 1969 and currently exports about a tenth of its output. Export markets include the Middle East, Africa and Southeast Asia, as well as developed countries in Europe like France, UK and Spain. It is intended that exports should account for 20% of the automobiles sold by the Company. The analysis of the macroeconomic environment can be done by PEST model: P-Political A rigid and closed system has always been the main hurdle for growth of industry in India, which is virtually plagued by legislation and legal procedures. The complex bureaucratic style of working in this otherwise democratic country has always been a handicap for automobile industry. The stringent laws especially regarding foreign investments had deprived India from global technology and services. The early nineties liberalisation saw some major policy changes of the government- Depreciation of the rupee and promoting foreign trade. Exim scrips to be replaced by partial and later full convertibility of the rupee on trade account. Liberalisation of trade policies. Opening up of a number of areas to the private sector. Deregulating the banks' and financial institutions' lending rates. Reduction of statutory liquidity ratios. Freeing of the capital market from government control. Abolition of the office of the Controller of Capital Issues. Implementation of the National Renewal Fund. Slashing of fiscal duties on a number of items meant for industrial production. The international exposure led to a general increase in the awareness level of the masses. The demand for quality and environmentally friendly automobiles led to strict legislation. Certain states of the union passed legislation against polluting vehicles and banned the trade of inferior quality vehicles. The new legal and political order is directly effecting TELCO. The positive effects are: Direct foreign investment has led to new and valuable business partners. Cost of importing technology is less. New era of exports has dawned. Growth in the market and international exposure. The negative affects are: The foreign carmakers are entering the huge Indian market thus making it very competitive for TELCO. The expertise of TELCO in diesel engines is facing threats from the new- found environmental awareness and new legislation. The cost effective TELCO is facing a new threat in form of new found quality measures. Spearheading the ?swadeshi' aspect of the Indian automobile industry TELCO is trying to restrict the slaughter of the Indian industry in the hands of the foreign giants. It is through societies and pressure groups like Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers that TELCO is raising a voice against anti ?swadeshi' legislation. E-Economic Despite some bouts of recession in the recent past, the macro fundamentals of the Indian economy are sound. Gross Domestic Product growth has averaged more than 7% for the last three years. The rate of inflation has remained low. The nation's foreign exchange reserves are brimming with nearly US$ 30 billion. Even in the face of such crises like the currency depreciation in Southeast Asian countries and the stock market crashes in various countries, the Indian economy has stood firm. Industry observers believe that largely cyclical factors and industrial have driven the general slowdown growth will pick up again. In the first six months of the 1997-98, the corporate sector registered a 11% growth in net profit. Advance corporate tax payments jumped by16%, indicating a better profit performance by companies. In the dynamics of transition of the Indian economy, the automobile industry is emerging as a leading industry. The large volumes of investment including foreign direct investment in the automobile manufacturing ventures and technical collaboration are propelling a quantum jump in